Recurrent renal calculi in coexistence of horseshoe kidney and medullary sponge kidney

Sir, Horseshoe kidney is the most common congenital renal fusion anomaly, with an incidence of 1 every 400–1600 births.[1,2] Kidney stones are common in patients with horseshoe kidney with a reported incidence ranging approximately from 20% to 80%.[1,3] Although altered anatomy‐related impaired urinary drainage is a proposed explanation for the kidney stone formation in patients with horseshoe kidney,[1,3] its exact underlying mechanism is still unclear. Hereby, we present a 34‐year‐old male with recurrent kidney stones. The patient was found to have horseshoe kidney and the suggestive findings of probable medullary sponge kidney (MSK) with distal renal tubular acidosis.